U.S. History Captive-Taking Debate

Donovan

Resolve:

            Affirmative: Captive –Taking was counter-productive

Constructive: How to set up and give outline of argument.

            Negative: Captive-Taking benefitted the Indians.

Natives took prisoners to take place of lost warriors, ransom, receive honor of warfare, trophies of war, and use psychological method of terror to intimidate the invading colonists.

1.) Affirmative: Constructive

2.) Negative: Clash or questioning

3.) Negative: Constructive

4.) Affirmative: Clash or questioning

5.) Negative: Rebuttal

6.) Affirmative: Rebuttal

1.) Examples of the French-Indian War's Brutality: Indians slaughtering surrendered English men, capturing English-women and having them live in captivity for the rest of their lives. 

2.) Cons of  capturing English: the captured English who are not used to Indian society may be in the way during basic Indian chores. Pros: More people living in the Indian's society. 

1.) It pushed the Indian allies away from the French and raised tensions between the cultures of the two and showed that the Indians will fight anyway they can acquire victory. 

2.) British Colonials were outraged by the un-civiilized conduct

Combining Sentences Exercise

Espionage is the secret collection of intelligent information. The history of espionage goes back over two thousand years. Espionage was started in China by Sun Tzu.

Espionage, the secret collection of intelligent information, created by a Chinese man named Shun Tzu, goes back over two thousand years.

Combining Sentences Exercises

John owns a hat and his hero is John Wayne, his girlfriend enjoys seeing him in cowboy hats.

US History Massacre at Mystic

1. How would you describe relationships between the Puritan settlers and the Pequot 
before the Pequot War? They both traded various supplies and seemed to have benefit at first, however, later on each side seemed to begin to distrust and fear the other.
 Why do you think these relationships changed so quickly? The Pequots may have stopped trading in fear of the English.


2. Before the arrival of the British, what was the status of the Pequot in the 
Connecticut River Valley? Sustained culture and the most powerful Native-American tribe. 
How would you describe their relationships with other 
Native American tribes? Intimidating tribe and not allied with any other tribes.


3. Why did the Puritans travel to the New World? Religious freedom. 
What were their intentions upon 
arrival?  Acquire more land and spread religion throughout the territories such as churchesx. 


4. Compare and contrast Puritan and Pequot ideas about the following: land and 
property, division of labor and gender, and warfare? Give examples to back up 
your discussion. The Pequot did not approve of the English colonization due to the slaughtering of women and children. They also believed that their land was their own unless traded, they treated their women as equals and many were high-ranking in the tribes who grew most of the food. The English believed that any method of acquiring their land was necessary. To the English it was about extermination. The English treated their women as almost nothing and had little say in anything. 


5. In this program, one commentator suggests that the Dutch colonists favored trade, 
while the British prioritized land. How did the difference in focus shape their 
interactions with Native Americans, and their goals in the New World? The British was there to invade, exterminate, and colonize, whereas the Dutch were there to trade with the Natives. This made war with the Natives common.


6. Why were British settlers unhappy with the way Pequot organized their economy 
and relationship to the land? Their women  were higher powers and had large say in many ideas. Do you think there was any validity to their concerns? No.
Who do you think, if anyone, ultimately had the right to decide who should 
control the land? The greater power that was more successful during warfare.


7. Why do you think the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes fought with the Puritans 
against the Pequot? Were you surprised by their actions? Discuss.  Because the Pequots were the leading power. In order to acquire more power and more land, the Pequots were attacked by these three.


8. One commentator, Tall Oak, ponders how the early colonies would have been 
different if the Puritans had come in peace. How would you answer this question? 
They would have far less land and more trade would be emitted between the two.
Do you think a different outcome in relations between the Pequot and the Puritans 
was possible? No.


9. How did the Pequot manage to resurrect their community hundreds of years after 
the massacre? With an extremely successful casino. How do you think it would feel to go from devastation to prosperity? Successful and resurrected.


10. Describe the details of the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, which ended the war. Why 
was the treaty considered to be cultural genocide for the Pequot? Because the English ended their tribe's culture and made the language illegal.


11. What sources do you think historians used in order to recount the story of the 
massacre at Mystic? British and native descendants who had heard the story from forefathers.


What sources might you use if you were trying to create a  documentary about the early colonies? Direct sources such as a journal from a person who fought in the French-Indian war.


Do you think this documentary offers a balanced and informed view of the massacre? Discuss. No, the only side of view shown is that of the Pequots. No other native tribes or the British shared their views. Had their opinion been expressed, I would have more incite on various opinions of the massacre.


12. How did the massacre at Mystic change the United States? It was one of the many factors that led to the French-Indian war.

Journal Entry #2 Cold Equations

Had I been the commander of the EDS that Marilyn Cross boarded, I would have immediately jettisoned her no matter who she had been. It was the law, and I would not let it interfere with my job as an EDS pilot.
Marilyn had illegally boarded a cruiser that made no exception for previous stowaways, and if I had not had trouble ejecting the ones before her, she would be immediately jettisoned and suffer the same fate.

1.) Symbol: Captain Barton waiting to Jettison Marilyn may refer to the meaning of human life and emotions.
2.) Allusion: The cruisers carried colonists to new worlds may refer to boats carrying colonists to the "New World".
3.) Two Foreshadows: Marilyn telling Barton about her older brother, Gerry. The heat signature detected on board the EDS cruiser.

US History: Brave New World Notes

Columbus was financed by the king and queen of Spain after being turned down by the kings of Portugal, England, and France. Columbus set sail August 3, 1492, from Palos, Spain on the Santa Maria, Nina, and the Pinta. At 2:00am in October 12, Columbus spotted what he assumed was the Indies. In 1555, Columbus discovered the Arawak's tobacco farming. The discovery of tobacco was extremely important to the English colonies due to the profit  that kept them alive and fueled the search for new land. Columbus left volunteers in the New World whilst he sailed back to Spain. Columbus's arrival also marked the beginning of one of the cruelest episodes in human history. Due to Columbus's obsession for gold, he quickly enslaved the local population. After Constantinople's fall in 1453, the spice route ended that served the economic lifeline for Mediterranean Europe. Europe's currency changed to gold after while emerging from the middle ages. Led by Prince Henry the Navigator, he and two other great explorers(Dias, and Gama) navigated a sea route to the Indies. The flat-earth idea ceased by the time Columbus had sailed. In order to reach the Indies, Columbus estimated he would have to sail 3,000 miles but in reality, he would've had to fly 10,600 miles. The true discoverer of the Americas was Leif Eriksson in 1000A.D. 500 years before Columbus, who established a colony called Finland. Another Greenlander named Thorfinn Karlsefni set up housekeeping in Eriksson's colony for two years. Although, Leif Eriksson receives credit for the discovery of the Americas, Bjarni Herjolfsson, was the first European to sight North America in 985 or 986, Eriksson supposedly built some huts and spent one winter in North America. Research shows that the Japanese and Chinese fisherman sailed as far as the Pacific coast of North America.In 1496, Giovanni Caboto and his son; Sebastian, received a commission from England's Kind Henry VII to find a new trade route to Asia. Juan Ponce De Leon was the first European to set foot on what would become the United State's soil. Searching for the fountain of youth, he discovered and named Florida in 1513, and discovered New Mexico on the new trip. Evidence shows that people who were to become Indians arrived in America some 40-30 thousand years ago. 30,000 years ago walking from Siberia on the hunt for mammoths across the land-bridge for the hunt for mammoths. They were divided into hundreds of tribal societies, the most advanced were the Aztecs, and the Incas. They were however not free from savagery and has various torture methods for their enemies. The naming of America was inaccurate, and was named by a Spanish explorer: Mundus Novus, or "New World". It was later named AMERICA, in Vespucci's honor. By the mid sixteenth century, Spain had grown lazy due to excessive wealth. After a while, Spain's king: Philip II saw Queen Elizabeth as a large threat. Almost a century after Columbus's voyage, European's believed that there was still a fast-route to China. in 1576, Sir Humphrey Gilbert used the phrase Northwest Passage to describe the sea route around North America. In 1585, Sir Humphrey made an attempt to form a colony on Roanoke Island on present day North Carolina's Outer Banks. In 1586, Sir Francis Drake found the colonists hungry and ready to return to England. The following year, Raleigh sent 107 men women and children to Roanoke. Supply ships failed to reach the colony due to an attack by the Spanish Armada that delayed them, and completely stopped after their arrival in 1590 and completely disappeared. On December 20, 1606, 104 colonists left port aboard three ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery, under captain John Newport. The crew reached Chesapeake Bay in May of 1607 and founded Jamestown. In a few months, 51 of the party were dead, crazed, many of the remaining colonists deserted to the Indians and even resorted to cannibalism. In 1619, the Virginia Company and Governor Yeardley of Virginia summoned an elected legislative assembly-The House of Burgesses-Which met in Jamestown that year. Portugal most was most likely the colony was the first colony to enslave African-Americans. By the 1600s everyone was enslaving African-Americans. The Protestant Reformation played a crucial role in the split of the Roman-Catholic church and the colonization of many colonies as it did when Queen Elizabeth ruled. The Mayflower Compact is rightly considered the first written constitution in North America. Under the rules of Massasoit, the Indians became loyal friends to the Pilgrims and it was Massasoit's braves who were invited to the October  feast.